Tekstilec, letn. 58, 2015, št. 1

 

VSEBINA

 

ZNANSTVENI ČLANKI 

4     Vplivi in tveganja nanotehnologij in nanomaterialov na okolje in zdravje ljudi

…….Aljoša Košak1,2, Marijana Lakić1 in Aleksandra Lobnik1,2  Izvleček in reference

1Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor

2IOS, d. o. o., Inšitut za okoljevarstvo in senzorje, Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor

Pregledni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 10-2014 • Sprejeto 02-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

red. prof. dr. Aleksandra Lobnik

Telefon: +386 2 220 79 12

E-pošta: lobnikaleksandra@gmail.com

 

Izvleček

Razvoj nanomaterialov in njihova uporaba v tekstilstvu sta velika priložnost za izdelavo novih izdelkov z različnimi funkcionalnimi in tehnološkimi lastnostmi, vendar razvoj poleg priložnosti pomeni tveganja za okolje in zdravje ljudi v obliki nanoonesnaževanja ter toksičnih vplivov na žive organizme. V prispevku so obravnavani okoljski vplivi in zdravstvena tveganja nanomaterialov, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo v tekstilstvu, kot npr. nanodelci srebra (Ag), silicijevega dioksida (SiO2), titanovega dioksida (TiO2), cinkovega oksida (ZnO), aluminijevega oksida (Al2O3), aktivnega oglja, nanoglina in ogljikove nanocevke (CNT).

Ključne besede: nanotehnologija, nanomateriali, življenjski cikel izdelka, nanodelci srebra, nanodelci silicijevega dioksida, nanodelci titanovega dioksida, nanodelci cinkovega oksida, nanodelci aluminijevega oksida,

nanoglina, ogljikove nanocevke, toksičnost

 

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23   Vpliv dodanih vlaken MAC in MTF v mešanici na mehanske lastnosti prstanske preje za varovalne tekstilije

…….Dunja Šajn Gorjanc1, Neža Sukič1 and Veronika Vrhunc2  Izvleček in reference

1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

2Predilnica Litija, Kidričeva 1, SI-1270 Litija

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 01-2015 • Sprejeto 02-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Doc. dr. Dunja Šajn Gorjanc

E-mail: dunja.sajn@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Izvleček

Raziskava je usmerjena na vpliv ognjevarnih modakrilnih vlaken v prstanski preji iz mešanice modakrilnih in bombažnih vlaken in elektroprevodnih kovinskih vlaken v prstanski preji iz mešanice poliestrskih in kovinskih vlaken na mehanske lastnosti v območju manjših (uporabnih) obremenitev. Analizirane preje so namenjene za izdelavo zaščitnih oblačil (ognjevarnih in elektroprevodnih), tako se raziskava osredinja na viskoelastično območje manjših obremenitev na krivulji napetost/raztezek, tj. pri napetosti 5 cN/tex, kar pomeni obremenitev mase 85 g. Raziskava je pokazala, da ognjevarna modakrilna vlakna (MAC) v mešanici iz 55 % modakrilnih 45 % bombažnih vlaken vplivajo na povečanje elastičnega območja (napetost in raztezek v meji polzišča), na drugi strani pa vplivajo na znižanje modula elastičnosti prstanske preje. Vsebnost MTF (iz nerjavnega jekla) vlaken v mešanici iz 75 % PES in 25 % MTF vlaken vpliva na zmanjšanje elastičnega območja za okrog 10 %, na drugi strani pa se vrednosti elastičnega območja gibljejo v mejah območja manjših (uporabnih) obremenitev na krivulji specifična napetost/raztezek, ki znaša 5 cN/tex oziroma 85 g.

Ključne besede: modakrilna vlakna, kovinska vlakna, prstanska preja, mehanske lstnosti, viskoelastične lastnosti

 

Viri

  1. SCOTT, Richard, A. Textiles for Protection. Edited by R. A. Scott. Cambridge : Woodhead Publishing, 2005, pp. 3–22.
  2. HORROCKS, A. R., SUBHASH, C. Anand. Handbook of Technical Textiles, Edited by A. Richard Horrocks, C. Subhash Anand. 1st Edition. Cambridge : Woodhead Publishing, 2000, pp. 42–60.
  3. LAWRENCE, Carl A. Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2003, pp. 38–44.
  4. NDLOVU, Lloyd N., CUNCHAO, Han, CHONGWEN, Yu. Mechanical and FR properties of different ratios of cotton/polysulfonamide (PSA) core spun and blended yarns, Journal of Engineered Fibres and Fabrics, 2014, 9(4), 24–33.
  5. VALASEVIČIŪTĖ, L., MILAŠIUS, R., BAGDONIENĖ, R., ABRAITIENĖ, A. Investigation of end-use properties of fabrics from metaaramid yarns. Materials Science, 2003, 9(4), 391–394.
  6. LAVRENTEVA, E.P. New-generation fire- and heat-resistant textile materials for working clothes, Fibre Chemistry, 2013, 45(2), pp. 107–113.
  7. OZCAN, Gulay, DAYIOGLU, Habip, CANDAN, Cevza. Effect of gray fabric properties on flame resistance of knitted fabric. Textile Research Journal, 2003, 73 (10), 883–891, doi: 10.1177/004051750307301006.
  8. Textile Innovation Knowledge Platform dostopno na daljavo, TIKP citirano 10.12.2014. Dostopno na svetovnem spletu: http://www.tikp.co.uk/>.
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  10. MISHRA, S. P. A Text Book of Fibre Science and Technology. Edited by S. P. Mishra. 1st Edition. New Delhi : New age International Publisher, 2010, 363 p.
  11. COOK, J. Gordon. Handbook of Textile fibres: Man–made fibres. Reprinted. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2009, p. 639–716.
  12. BOURBIGOT, Serge, FLAMBARD, Xavier. Heat resistance and flammability of high performance fibres: A review. Fire and Materials, 2002, 26(4–5), 155–168, doi: 10.1002/fam.799.
  13. KHAN, Q., Muhammad, SABEEH UL HASSAN, Muhammad, HAFEEZ, Sajida, ur REHMAN, Fazul. Manufacturing of industrial fire retardant gloves using blends of cotton and synthetic fibres. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 3(5), 2014, p. 747–756.
  14. VARNAITĖ, Sandra, KATUNSKIS, Jurgis. Influence of Washing on the Electric Charge Decay of Fabrics with Conductive Yarns. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2009, 17(5 ), pp. 69–75.
  15. SEKERDEN, Filiz. Effect of the constructions of metal fabrics on their electrical resistance. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2013, 21(6), pp. 58–63.
  16.  SABRI OZEN, Mustafa, SANCAK, Erhan, BEYIT, Ali, USTA, Ismail, AKALIN, Mehmet. Investigation of electromagnetic shielding properties of needle–punched nonwoven fabrics with stainless steel and polyester fiber. Textile Research Journal, 2013, 83(8), pp. 849–858, doi: 10.1177/0040517512461683.
  17. SU, Ching–Iuan, CHERN, Jin–Tsair. Effect of Stainless Steel–Containing Fabrics on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness. Textile Research Journal, 2004, 74(1), 51–54, doi: 10.1177/004051750407400109.

33   Vpliv površinske encimske obdelave z lipazami in kutinazami na odboj svetlobe in spremembo barve
…….poliestrskih vlaken profiliranega prečnega prereza

…….Xiaosong Liu1,2, Ian R. Hardin1 and Fumei Wang2,3 Izvleček in reference

1The University of Georgia, College of Family and Consumer Science, Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Athens, GA 30602, USA

2Donghua University, College of Textiles, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

3Key Lab of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 09-2014 • Sprejeto 01-2015

Korespondenčni avtor:

Xiaosong Liu

Tel.: 00 1 404 86 13681956267

E-pošta: xiaosongliu7405@aiyun.com

 

Izvleček

Poliestrska vlakna profiliranega prečnega prereza so bila encimsko obdelana z lipazami in kutinazami. Raziskan je bil vpliv specifične obdelave na odboj svetlobe in barvne spremembe vlaken. Rezultati so pokazali, da lipaze L0777 niso vplivale na odboj svetlobe s površine vlaken, ne glede na čas obdelave ali spremembo vrednosti pH. Kutinaze so povzročile luknjičavost na površju vlaken pri 24-urni obdelavi pri temperaturi 55 oC in vrednosti pH 7,00 in 8,50. Spremembe so bile spremljane z odbojem svetlobe in spremembo barve ter elektronsko mikroskopskimi posnetki površja vlaken. Krivulje širokokotnega sipanja rentgenskih žarkov (WAXD) s kutinazami obdelanih vzorcev so pokazale manjše spremembe strukture, ki pa so lahko posledica delovanja toplote in ne encimske obdelave. Rezultati diferencialne kalorimetrije (DSC) kažejo povečanje površine eksotermnega vrha pri temperaturi 265 oC, kar dokazuje rekristalizacijo vlaken pri vlaknih, encimsko obdelanih s kutinazami.

Ključne besede: odboj svetlobe, barva, lipaze, kutinaze, poliestrska tkanina

 

Viri

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47   Uporaba celulaz v procesu plemenitenja

…….Kristina Šimić, Ivo Soljačić and Tanja Pušić Izvleček in reference

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Pregledni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 06-2014 • Sprejeto 01-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Kristina Šimić, B.Sc.

Tel: 00 385 148 77 353

E-pošta: kristina.simic@ttf.hr

 

Izvleček

Celulaze so encimi, namenjeni površinski modifikaciji celuloznih tekstilij, predvsem pri plemenitenju tekstilij. Večkomponentni sistem encimov hidrolizira celulozne makromolekule na površju vlaken do glukoze. Z uporabo celulaz pri plemenitenju tekstilij se odstranijo štrleča vlakna na površju tekstilije, s čimer postane obdelano površje gladko. Med najpomembnejše vrste uporabe celulaz spada plemenitenje denim jeansa, kjer dosežejo posebne učinke brez bistvenega znižanja trdnosti tkanine. Encimi so učinkoviti v blagih pogojih vrednosti pH in temperature in so lahko biorazgradljivi.

Ključne besede: encimi, celulaze, tekstilna vlakna, plemenitenje

 

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