Tekstilec 4/2013

Izvirni znanstveni članek
Prispelo 09-2013 • Sprejeto 11-2013

Korespondenčna avtorica:
prof. dr. Barbara Simončič
Tel.: +381 1 1 200 32 31
E-pošta: barbara.simoncic@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Namen raziskave je bil proučiti vpliv postopka priprave koloidne raztopine srebra na lastnosti vlaken iz polimlečne kisline (vlakna PLA). Koloidni raztopini srebra sta bili pripravljeni v dveh topilih, in sicer v vodi in etanolu pri ustreznih pogojih, in naneseni na vlakna PLA po izčrpalnem postopku, da se doseže njihova protimikrobna aktivnost. Oblika, velikost in kemijska sestava srebrovih nanodelcev (Ag ND) v koloidnih raztopinah so bile določene s spektroskopijo UV-Vis ter presevno elektronsko mikroskopijo z energijsko-disperzijsko spektroskopijo rentgenskih žarkov (EDS). Morfološke lastnosti obdelanih vlaken so bile proučevane z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo, prisotnost Ag ND na njihovi površini pa potrjena z analizo EDS. Koncentracija Ag ND na obdelanih vlaknih je bila določena z masno spektroskopijo z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo. Protimikrobne lastnosti obdelanih vlaken PLA so bile proučene na podlagi meritev bakterijske redukcije za bakterijsko vrsto Escherichia coli po standardni metodi ASTM E 2149-01. Iz rezultatov raziskave je bilo razvidno, da so se tako v vodni kot etanolni koloidni raztopini oblikovali pretežno monomeri Ag ND, ki so bili krogelne oblike in katerih velikost ni presegla 15 nm. Na količino adsorbiranega Ag na vlaknih PLA je neposredno vplivalo uporabljeno topilo. Koncentracija Ag je bila večja na vlaknih, obdelanih v vodi, kot v etanolu. Nanos Ag ND iz obeh topil je zagotovil odlično protibakterijsko zaščito vlaken PLA. V nasprotju z vodo je obdelava vlaken v etanolu povzročila morfološke spremembe vlaken.

Ključne besede: koloidna raztopina srebra, srebrovi nanodelci, polimlečna kislina, vlakna PLA, morfološke lastnosti, protimikrobna aktivnost

Reference

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Izvirni znanstveni članek
Prispelo 09-2013 • Sprejeto 11-2013

Vodilna avtorica:
doc. dr. Mateja Kert
Tel.: +386 1 200 32 34
E-pošta: mateja.kert@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

V raziskavi je proučevan vpliv dodatka površinsko aktivne snovi (tenzida) v barvalno kopel na adsorpcijo anionskega kislega barvila C. I. Acid Red 14 (AR14) na poliamidno pletivo 6 (PA 6). Barvanje je bilo izvedeno do ravnotežja (360 minut) v aparatu launderometer pri štirih različnih temperaturah barvanja, in sicer 40, 50, 60 in 70 °C, in pri vrednosti pH 4. V raziskavi so bili uporabljeni kationski tenzid dodeciltrimetilamonijev bromid (DTAB), anionski tenzid natrijev dodecilsulfat (SDS), neionski tenzid Triton X-100 (TX100) ter mešanici tenzidov DTAB/TX100 in SDS/TX100. Barvanje je bilo izvedeno tako brez prisotnosti tenzidov kot tudi v njihovi prisotnosti. Koncentracija ionskih tenzidov je znašala 1,0 x 10^-4 mol/kg in je bila nižja od kritične koncentracije micelov (c. m. c.), koncentracija neionskega tenzida pa je bila višja od c. m. c. in je znašala 5,0 x 10^-3 mol/kg. Stopnja izčrpanja barvila AR14 je bila ovrednotena z določitvijo koncentracije barvila AR14 v barvalni kopeli pred barvanjem in ob koncu barvanja z uporabo UV-VIS-spektrofotometra. Obarvanost vzorcev je bila izračunana na podlagi izmerjenih vrednosti refleksije vzorcev z refleksijskim spektrofotometrom. Na podlagi stopnje izčrpanja barvila in vrednosti K/S je bilo ugotovljeno, da na interakcije barvilo–substrat vplivajo interakcije barvilo-tenzid, tenzid-tenzid in tenzid-substrat. Med proučevanimi samostojnimi tenzidi tenzid TX100 najučinkoviteje vpliva na adsorpcijo barvila AR14 na pletivo PA 6, medtem ko tenzid SDS deluje kot blokator, vpliv tenzida DTAB je komaj zaznaven, uporaba mešanice tenzidov pa je najbolj optimalna.

Ključne besede: anionsko barvilo, kationski tenzid, anionski tenzid, neionski tenzid, mešanice tenzidov, barvanje, PA 6, adsorpcija, stopnja izčrpanja barvila

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Izvirni znanstveni članek
Prispelo 03-2013 • Sprejeto 10-2013

Korespondenčna avtorica:
doc. dr. Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc
Tel.: +386 2 200 3278
E-pošta: helena.gabrijelcic@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Tekstilije so v programih za 3D modeliranje in animiranje obravnavane kot dinamični objekti, saj interagirajo z zunanjimi silami, kot so trk,veter, gravitacija, turbulenca in druge. Različne programske aplikacije rešujejo izzive modeliranja in simuliranja na različne načine. Eden izmed načinov je delitev določenega 3D modela s številnimi zaporednimi koraki na zelo veliko majhnih površin oz. segmentov. S tem model tekstilije pridobi virtualno gibkost in fleksibilnost, ki pod vplivom dinamičnih sil omogoča prikazovanje realističnega drapiranja in drugih oblik obnašanja tekstilije v prostoru. Cilj raziskave je primerjava uporabnosti in učinkovitosti orodij za modeliranje in simuliranje tekstilij dveh aplikacij različnih programskih paketov, in sicer 3ds Max in Blender. Primerjava odprtokodnega in profesionalnega programa, ki nista specializirana CAD programa za tekstilije, a ju v širšem kontekstu 3D računalniške grafike poznavalci uporabljajo za vizualizacijo tekstilij za različne namene (arhitektura, vizualizacija oblačil, avtomobilizem), je potekala z namenom analize uporabnosti (kot elementa uporabniške izkušnje) in vrednotenja končnih upodobitev drapiranja tekstilij. V virtualnem okolju obeh programov so bile simulirane tekstilije z različno surovinsko sestavo in različnimi parametri, ki jih ponujajo podatkovne baze uporabljenih programskih paketov. Upoštevan je bil vpliv sile gravitacije, ki je deloval med prostim padom tekstilije čez izbran objekt: kocko, valj in sfero. Uporabnost aplikacij je bila proučena s številom korakov priprave scene za kolizijski test virtualne tekstilije, številom uporabljenih vrst tekstilnih materialov, številom nastavitev parametrov za določen tekstilni material, ki jih ponujajo podatkovne baze programov, in s časom ter številom slik za simuliranje trka in končnega drapiranja tekstilij. Ocena upodobitev in vrednotenje drapiranja analiziranih materialov sta potekala subjektivno in s slikovno analizo, in sicer z analizo površine in obsega ter njuno korelacijo. Rezultati so numerično in slikovno, tako v primeru uporabnosti aplikacij kot tudi v primeru kakovosti simulacij ter upodobitev, pokazali prednost rešitev simuliranja tekstilij, ki jih ponuja program 3ds Max.

Ključne besede: 3D modeliranje, simulacija tekstilij, uporabnost, trk, slikovna analiza

Reference

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Prispelo 01-2013 • Sprejeto 11-2013
Izvirni znanstveni članek

Korespondenčni avtor:
Klara Kostajnšek, univ. dipl. inž
Tel.: +386 1 200 32 14
E-pošta: klara.kostajnsek@ntf.uni-lj.si 

Izvleček

Bombažne tkanine imajo poleg mehkega otipa in dobre vpojnosti tudi dobro toplotno prevodnost, prepustnost zraka in dihalnost. Z večanjem odprte površine enoplastnih tkanin se praviloma povečujejo tudi njihova zračna prepustnost, prepustnost vodne pare in toplotna prevodnost, vendar se slabša zaščita pred UV-žarki, ki je pomembna zlasti za poletna oblačila. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vpliv konstrukcije večplastnih bombažnih tkanin na lastnosti, povezane s poroznostjo: toplotno upornost (R_cT), upor prehodu vodne pare (R_eT), prepustnost za UV-žarke (UZF) in zračno prepustnost (ZP).V ta namen so bile iz bele, modre in črno obarvane preje finoče 8×2 tex stkane dvovotkovne, dvojne in enoplastne bombažne tkanine v gostoti 40 niti/cm v smeri osnove in 60 niti v smeri votka, pri čemer je bila upoštevana tudi barvna razporeditev preje v tkaninah. Raziskava je pokazala, da imajo najoptimalnejšo konstrukcijo večslojne dvovotkovne in dvojne tkanine. Za raziskovane tkanine obstaja pozitivna korelacija med poroznostjo tkanin in njihovo zračno prepustnostjo oziroma faktorjem UZF ter negativna korelacija med poroznostjo tkanin in njihovo toplotno prevodnostjo oziroma prepustnostjo vodne pare. Korelacija med izračunanim številom por posameznih vzorcev kot pomembnim dejavnikom poroznosti in raziskanimi prepustnostnimi lastnostmi (toplotno upornostjo, uporom prehodu vodne pare, prepustnostjo UV-žarkov in zračno prepustnostjo) je bila večja od korelacije med samo poroznostjo vzorcev in omenjenimi prepustnostnimi lastnosti.

Ključne besede: večplastne tkanine, konstrukcija tekstilij, zračna prepustnost, prepustnost vodne pare, toplotni upor, UV-prepustnost

Reference

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Predhodna objava
Prispelo 11-2013 • Sprejeto 12-2013

Korespondenčni avtor:
Adnan Mazari
E-pošta: adnanmazari86@gmail.com

Izvleček

V članku je predstavljena raziskava nateznih lastnosti sukanca, kot so trdnost, pretržni raztezek ter začetni modul dveh v industriji pogosto uporabljenih poliestrskih sukancev iz oplaščenene preje, in sicer v štirih fazah šivanja. Na začetku smo izmerili temperaturo igle pri različnih hitrostih, in sicer od 1000 do 4700 vrtljajev na minuto na industrijskem šivalnem stroju s pomočjo metode vstavljenega termočlena. Natezne lastnosti sukanca smo nato primerjali pri različnih vnaprej določenih delih šivalne niti med samim procesom šivanja. Izsledki raziskave so pokazali, da ima interakcija med segrevanjem igle in sukancem na navitku velik vpliv na natezno trdnost sukanca, medtem ko je natezna trdnost najmanjša na točki, ko se stroj ustavi in je sukanec v neposrednem stiku z vročo iglo. Trdnost, pretržni raztezek in začetni modul se znatno zmanjšajo pri večji hitrosti stroja, ko se poviša tudi temperatura igle. Pri hitrosti 4000 vrtljajev na minuto izgubi sukanec 50 % trdnosti, saj se temperatura igle povzpne na skoraj 250 °C. Vpliv je večji pri sukancih z višjo linearno gostoto.

Ključne besede: šivalna igla, trdnost sukanca, segrevanje igle, metoda s termočlenom

Reference

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