*Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428 (00200), Nairobi, Kenya

**School of Engineering, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900 (30100), Eldoret, Kenya

 

Original Scientific Article

Received 06-2015 • Accepted 10-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Edison Omollo Oduor

Telephone: +254721857685

E-mail: edisonomollo@gmail.com ali igadwa@gmail.com

 

Abstract

The durabilities of textile materials, which during their usages come into direct contact with soil, have traditionally been measured using the soil burial test (BS 6085: 1992). Using the aforementioned standard, coated textile materials are normally buried under standard soil conditions for 28 days, while non-coated textiles for 14 days and the deterioration assessed. The duration of this test is too long and it discourages many business people and manufacturers, to whom urgency is the key and therefore opt to skip this test. This study investigated the effects of different soil treatments on the strengths of canvas materials during the soil burial test. By adding cow manure, chicken manure and potato peelings with the controlled addition of water, the changes were investigated in the strengths of the canvas materials buried in the soils. The results obtained during this research work indicated that the addition of water (in a controlled manner) can lead to a change of 10% to 90% in the strengths of the buried canvas materials, according to the different types of manure. When considering the different types of manures (with water additions) there were strength losses of 70%, 80% and 90% for non-cultivated soil, soil with cow dung, and soil with chicken manure respectively. Similar trends were also recorded for strength losses in the weft direction. A strength reduction factor which considered the reductions in strengths of the canvas materials exposed the different treated soils compared to the non-treated soil (without water), indicating that chicken manure (with the addition of water) can produce a strength reduction factor of 8.32, whilst the non-cultivated soils (with the addition of water) gave a strength reduction factor of 6.

Keywords: Soil burial test, canvas, microbial deterioration, soil cultivation

 

References

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2. TOMŠIČ, Brigita, KLEMENČIČ, Danijela, SIMONČIČ, Barbara and OREL, Boris. Influence of antimicrobial finishes on the biodeterioration of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics: leaching versus bio-barrier formation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2011, 96(7), 1286─1296, doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.04.004.
3. BS 6085 Methods for determination of the resistance of textiles to microbiological deterioration. British Standard Institute. London, 1992.
4. ISO 5081 Textiles – Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method). International Organisation for Standardization, 1977.
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9. COYNE, Mark S. Soil microbiology: An exploratory approach. Albany et al.: Delmar Publishers, 1999.
10. LATTER, P. M., BANCROFT, G and GILLESPIE, J. Technical aspects of the cotton strip assay in soils. International Biodeterioration, 1988, 24(1), 25─47, doi: 10.1016/0265-3036(88)90073-5.
11. Chicken manure. [online], [accessed 11. 3. 2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/GHGS-02.pdf>.
12. RUSCHMEYER, O. R. and SCHMIDT, E. L. Cellulose Decomposition in soil burial beds: II. Cellulolytic activity as influenced by alteration of soil properties. Applied Microbiology, 1958, 6(2), 115.
13. CLARKE, Antony J. Biodegradation of cellulose: enzymology and biotechnology. Basel: Technomic Publishing, 1996.

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*National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Department of Textile Technology, Punjab 144011, India

**National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjab 144011, India

 

Original Scientific Article

Received 05-2015 • Accepted 10-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Himansu Shekhar Mohapatra

E-mail: himansu4@gmail.com

 

Abstract

The presented research focuses on the development and characterization of film made from lime peel extracts; well-known for its anti-oxidant and antimicrobial properties. The study includes preparation of film using the solution casting technique and characterization tests including IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal behaviour through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The film is also analysed for its antibacterial properties. Several functional groups are identified for the different molecules such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and some polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids. The film shows excellent antimicrobial properties against E. Coli and S. Aureus strains.

Keywords: antibacterial, lime peel, film, FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD

 

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, Kardeljeva pl. 16, SI-1000 Ljubljana

 

Short Scientific Article

Received 04-2015 • Accepted 10-2015

 

Corresponding author:

D.Sc. Francka Lovšin Kozina

Telephone: 00386 15892212

E-mail: francka.lovsin@pef.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine how primary school children who had already finished learning about textile topics during Home economics instruction perceived the content of the textile module.Some topics which can be connected with development of sustainable thinking and prudent consumer behaviour were also researched. A total of 106 surveys were collected. The pupils were on average 10.5 years old. The results showed that the pupils were reasonably interested in handicrafts. Most respondents agreed that masteringskillssuch assewing orknitting isgood because these activities allow pupils tosavemoney and also to express their creativities. The results showed that the transfer of theoretical knowledge in practice is not optimal. Some improvements in the curriculum should be considered in terms of refreshing/updating the textile topicsand also the time duration of the textile module.

Keywords: education, handicraft, textile, sustainability

 

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^*University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 05, SI-1000 Ljubljana

^**Technical Museum of Slovenia, Tržaška cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana

^***University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Science, Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana

 

Original Scientific Article

Received 08-2015 • Accepted 10-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assoc. Prof. D.Sc. Urška Stankovič Elesini

Telephone: +386 1 200 32 29

E-mail: urska.stankovic@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Competing in the market means constant development throughout all areas, also in information about business processes, the development of which has significantly increased over last sixty years. Results of a research dealt with how the Slovenian textile, clothing and leather production (TOUP) industries have followed this development are presented in the article. The research was further directed towards a new age state. Based on the data collected from the literature, eight hypotheses were set up, which were examined through interviews and questionnaires. 111 (25.5 percent) companies responded to the study. The results were analysed separately for large, medium, small-sized and micro companies, as the preliminary research showed that their views (and actual states) regarding business information systems are quite different, so any generalisation of the results wouldn’t provide realistic treatment of the set hypotheses. Among the gathered data appropriate correlation was searched for using the Pearson χ2-test. All large and medium-sized TOUP companies are equipped with information systems and 80 percent of small-sized and 26.3 percent of micro companies. More than half of the companies (64.4 percent) prefer the information systems of domestic suppliers. Only 20 percent of large-sized companies and a smaller percentage of micro companies have developed their own business information systems. Medium-sized companies use purchased/licensed systems. Less than half of the large and medium-sized companies use two or more interconnected information systems at the same time. Business information systems support economic and commercial functions in 60.4 percent of companies, while in the other companies the production, controlling, CRM, investing etc. functions are also present. Business information systems in cloud are present in less than 15 percent of Slovenian TOUP companies. The business information systems in large and medium-sized companies are eight years old on average. During last year (2014), 40 percent of companies upgraded their business information systems. Investments into systems are small with the exceptions of some large-sized companies, where investments are reasonably bigger because of the systems’ complexities.

Keywords: business information systems, history review, production of textiles, production of clothes, production of leather and related products, TOUP

 

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 05, SI-1000 Ljubljana

 

Original Scientific Article

Received 09-2015 • Accepted 11-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assist. Prof. D.Sc. Mateja Kert

Telephone: +386 1 200 32 34

E-mail: mateja.kert@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The modes of actions of different surfactants during reactive wool dyeing using C.I. Reactive Red 120 was investigated at pH 3 and temperatures between 50 and 90°C. The studied surfactants included the following: the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS); the cationic surfactant n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB); the nonionic surfactants Brij C10, Brij S10, Brij L23, Brij 58, Brij S20 and Brij S100; and the commercially available amphoteric product Albegal B. Compared with surfactant-free dyeing, SDS and Brij S100 slightly decreased the dye exhaustion after 360 minutes of dyeing, whereas the other studied surfactants significantly increased the dye exhaustion. The enhanced dye uptake was attributed to the adsorptions of the surfactants to the wool fibres, which increased the cationic characteristics and the hydrophilicity of the fibre surface. The surfactants facilitate dye fixation up to a dyeing temperature of 80°C and decrease it at 90°C. The surfactants increased the K/S values and changed the CIELAB values of the dyeing. Albegal B exhibited the strongest effect.

Keywords: wool, reactive dye, surfactant, dye exhaustion, dye fixation

 

References

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*National Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemometrics, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana

**St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design, Department of Chemical Engineering and Textile Design, Bolshaya Morskaya Str. 18, RU-191186, St. Petersburg, Russia

Original Scientific Article

Received 04-2015 • Accepted 07-2015

 

Corresponding author:

D.Sc. Natalja Fjodorova

Phone: +386 1 4760441

E-mail: natalja.fjodorova@ki.si

 

Abstract

Innovate textile materials for special clothing are intended for providing trauma protection for the wearer. Fabrics made from high performance aramid fibres are widely used nowadays for manufacturing athletic sportswear for extreme sports due to their high specific tensile modulus and strength. The aim of our study was to illustrate a new approach when searching for optimal settings for impregnating individual batches of textile materials on the basis of para aramid fibres. We demonstrate a feed-forward bottleneck (FFBN) neural network mapping technique that makes it possible to see all optima (optimal settings for best quality) in the studied process. The selections of optimal settings are based on making decisions allowing us to choose optimal settings for processes in relation to the best quality and smallest (minimal) expense. This new approach can be applied for searching optimal settings regarding different chemical treatments. If a standard statistical regression model (in the cases of non-linear relationships) experiences lack of fit, it can be successfully substituted with the FFBN neural network mapping technique. This method can also be recommended as a double check of a studied process when we use other approaches.

Keywords: aramid fabrics, optimisation, impregnation, feed-forward bottleneck neural network, design of experiment

 

References

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2. KIM, Hyun Ah and KIM, Seung Jin. Physical properties of para-aramid/nylon hybrid air textured yarns for protective clothing. Fibers and Polymers, 2014, 15(11), 2428–2436, doi: 10.1007/s12221-014-2428-5.
3. ZHENG, Huanda and ZHENG, Laijiu. Dyeing of meta-aramid fibers with disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide. Fibers and Polymers, 2014, 15(8), 1627–1634, doi: 10.1007/s12221-014-1627-4.
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*National Museum of Slovenia, Prešernova 20, SI-100 Ljubljana

** University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Original Scientific Article

Received 04-2015 • Accepted 08-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assoc. Prof. D.Sc. Mateja Bizjak

Phone: +386 1 200 32 19

E-mail: mateja.bizjak@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The Coptic fabrics held by the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana were made in Egypt between the 3rd and 10th centuries AD. These textiles are of historical and archaeological value as they were preserved in graves over the centuries. The analysed artefacts were once part of a range of textile uses such as tunics, covers, headgear, curtains, scarves, and cushions. The theoretical part of this paper describes their basic constructional features and presents an overview of the natural dyes used for the wool. Only non-destructive research methods have been used as the textiles were found to be so delicate and due to their historic significance. In the experimental part the NOVEX stereomicroscope with a digital camera CMEX-5000 was used for observing the colours and determining the woven structures, thread density and other constructional features connected with the weaving. Simulation and reconstruction of one design were carried out on the basis of constructional data.

Keywords: Coptic fabrics, woven structure, thread density, natural dyes, and simulation

 

References

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Original Scientific Article

Received 06-2015 • Accepted 07-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assist. Prof. D.Sc. Marija Gorjanc

Phone: +386 1 2003256

E-mail: marija.gorjanc@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) was used as a mordant for dyeing cotton fabric with natural dyes. Due to the high concentrations of catechin and tannin, green tea was used as a natural dye. The green tea extraction was performed under neutral and alkaline conditions. Four molar concentrations of AgNO₃ were used, namely 1, 5, 10 and 50 mM. Mordanting was performed during dyeing with green tea extracts. The colour (CIE L*a*b* values) and UV protection factor (UPF) of the dyed cotton samples before and after ten repetitive washings were measured spectrophotometrically. The results revealed that with the increase of the molar concentration of AgNO₃, the samples became darker, redder and bluer. Dyeing with alkaline green tea extract was not as successful as dyeing with neutral green tea extract. Different shades of cotton were achieved when dyeing with neutral green tea extract and mordanting with different molar concentrations of AgNO₃. Using 50mM AgNO₃ achieved a very dark grey (almost black) colour. Cotton samples dyed with neutral green tea extract had excellent UV protective properties (50+), some even after washing.

Keywords: dyeing, green tea, mordanting, silver nitrate, colours, UV protection.

 

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Original Scientific Article

Received 04-2015 • Accepted 07-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assist. Prof. D.Sc. Marija Gorjanc

Phone: +386 1 2003256

E-mail: marija.gorjanc@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The dyeability of cotton fabric with turmeric extract in two concentrations (pale and dark dyeing) was studied using four different mordants in low concentration (0.2 g/l). As mordants three metal salts were used as mordants (ferrous sulphate, aluminium sulphate and zinc chloride), and organic mordant tannin. The mordanting of cotton was performed before, during and after dyeing, namely by pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting application methods. Colour fastness of dyed samples to repetitive washing and hot pressing was also performed. The colour values of the dyed samples were measured on a reflectance spectrophotometer. The results showed that the dyeability of the cotton with turmeric extract is greatly influenced by the used mordant and its application method. The highest dyeing uptake (dyeability) was achieved by pre-mordanting with aluminium sulphate. All the mordanted samples had improved colour fastness, especially those samples meta-mordanted with ferrous sulphate.

Keywords: cotton, turmeric, curcuma, mordant, natural dyeing, dyeability

 

References

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Snežniška 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Original Scientific Article

Received 05-2015 • Accepted 08-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assist. Prof. D.Sc. Maja Klančnik

Phone: +386 1 200 32 64

E-mail: maja.klancnik@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Three different samples of wastewater contaminated with screen printing inks of cyan, magenta, and yellow colour were prepared in two concentrations. The wastewaters were treated with coagulation and flocculation, and comparatively with adsorption. Different concentrations of powdered activated carbon, granulated activated carbon and ground orange peel as an example of cheap and biodegradable adsorbent, were used for adsorption treatment. The efficiencies of the wastewater treatments with coagulation, with a combination of coagulation and flocculation, and with adsorption were evaluated with colour removal of the wastewater by the use of a transmission spectrophotometer and with the removal of organic matter expressed as the total organic carbon (TOC) on the TOC analyzer. The results showed that treatment of the wastewater using coagulation achieved adequate colour reduction (average SAC values at 438 nm 1.2 m^-1, at 525 nm 0.7 m^-1 and at 620 nm 0.5 m^-1), as well as adequate removal of organic matter (TOC values below 19 mg C/l) for discharging into the sewage system and surface waters. Further treatment with flocculation did not improve the efficiency of the wastewater treatment. The adsorption on the powdered activated carbon was a little more effective according to the removal of organic matter (TOC values below 3 mg C/l) than coagulation within the wastewaters contaminated with lower concentrations of printing ink, while coagulation was the more effective treatment method in those wastewaters contaminated with higher concentrations of printing ink. Activated granulated carbon proved to be a less efficient adsorbent than the powdered activated carbon. For example it was completely ineffective in the case of magenta printing ink. Ground orange peel was problematic for monitoring the effects of adsorption treatment due to its contribution to the colour and to its high value of total organic carbon (TOC). However, it was proven to be a more effective adsorbent than activated granulated carbon.

Keywords: screen printing ink, wastewater, treatment, coagulation, adsorption

 

References

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Original Scientific Article

Received 03-2015 • Accepted 04-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assis. Prof. D.Sc. Dejana Javoršek

E-mail: dejana.javorsek@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Displaying desired colours on the screen via the web is still a crucial part of being successful for artists and photographers. The aim of our research was to compare accuracies and varieties of displayed colours on different devices and variations on the same device. Seven Apple display screens of various devices were analysed (iPad 2, iPad 3, iPad Mini, iPhone 4, iPhone 5, iMac and MacBook Pro) using two different browsers Safari and Chrome. For iMac display profile iMac, and for MacBook Pro display profile Colour LCD were used. The colour gamuts shown in CIE 1931 x, y and the CIELAB colour diagram were compared with the standard colour space sRGB. The results show that the appearances of colours on different devices are mostly dependent on screen quality. The appearances of colours are largely influenced by the choices of browsers for devices that support colour profiles. In regard to devices with included colour profiles within their displays, it is important to choose a browser that enables colour management to take into account the display colour profile. In our case, the Safari browser takes into account the specific display profile whilst Chrome does not consider those profile. However the results also depend on other factors. These results are important for graphics and fashion designers as well as textile technologists, who present their work and products to their potential clients on different devices.

Keywords: colour management, browser, display devices, colour spaces

 

 

References

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Scientific Review

Received 04-2014 • Accepted 05-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assoc. Prof. D.Sc. Alenka Pavko Čuden

Tel.: +386 1 200 32 16

E-mail: alenka.cuden@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Weft knitted structures are affected by various forms of dimensional distortion. Inclination and distortion of loops within knitted structures are commonly known as skewness and spirality, respectfuly. Causes of skewness and spirality have been thoroughly investigated, analyzed and classified. They can basically be divided into two groups: material causes and process causes. One of the material causes is yarn related and is caused by residual torque in the yarn shown by its twist-liveliness. One of the more important process causes is machine related and is connected to knitting with multiple feeders on the circular knitting machine. Skewness and spirality have been subjects of research for almost a century. Models have been developed for understanding and predicting the loop distortion phenomena. Procedures for reduction or even elimination of the skewness/spirality have continuously been developed and improved. Some of them include changes in raw material, the others in mechanical processes and/or equipment while the other again concentrate on after-treatments. Many standards and other testing methods for measuring the skewness and spirality have been used in research and industrial practice. The uses of many terms describing this phenomenon have shown the continuous importance of the skewness/spirality problem on the one hand and the inconsistency of the terminology on the other.

Keywords: knitting, knitted fabric, skewness, spirality, loop inclination, yarn liveliness, residual torque

 

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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

 

Original Scientific Article

Received 03-2014 • Accepted 05-2015

 

Corresponding author:

Assoc. Prof. D.Sc. Sabina Bračko

Tel.: +386 1 200 32 38

E-mail: sabina.bracko@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

Human skin is a complex and unpredictable organ. Its colour can be objectively evaluated by using the colour measurement methods. The results of the measurements are affected by many factors, the impacts of which are not fully defined as yet. Certain factors directly determining the colour of the skin are dependent upon the individual and cannot be controlled. The emphasis of the research was on the second group of factors that refer to the measurement conditions and are variable and adaptable. The aim of the research was to examine the impact of the number of consecutive measurements, the selection of a body part, location of the selected area within a specific part of the body, the size of the measuring aperture, and the temperature on skin colour. The appropriateness of the instruments and repeatability of the results were also assessed, depending on the number of consecutive measurements and the selected size of the measuring aperture. The measurements were performed using two different reflectance spectrophotometers with the participation of a total of 6 volunteers. Within the measurements, the above-mentioned conditions were gradually changed and the results were given in the form of reflection values, CIEL*a*b* coordinates, colour difference ∆E*_ab, lightness difference ∆L*, chroma difference ∆C*_ab and hue difference ∆H*_ab within the CIELAB colour space. All of the examined factors were proved to have major impacts on the results of the measurements of skin colour. The results showed that performing 10 successive measurements at one point is suffcient for good repeatability. In order to achieve high repeatability be advised against selecting a small measuring aperture. Specifically defining the part of the body and the individual points of measurement is recommended depending on the purpose of the measurement and maintaining such an ambient temperature so as to avoid hampering the normal temperature of the skin’s surface.

Keywords: human skin, skin colour, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, CIELAB colour space

 

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¹University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Department of Graphic Engineering

²University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Department of Textile Engineering

³University Of Novi Sad, Faculty Of Technical Science, Department Of Graphic Engineering And Design

 

Professional article

Received 07-2014 • /Accepted 12-2014

 

Corresponding author:

MSc Mladen Stančić

E-mail: mladen.stancic@unibl.rs

 

Abstract

Clothes are exposed to different impacts during usages and maintenance. The more frequent impacts on textile materials are the washing processes and the perspiration effects. These mentioned effects are the causes of specific changes of the textile fibres and on colour reproduction on printed materials. This paper presents research into the impacts of a series of washing and perspiration effects on the colour reproduction studied with a spectrophotometric analysis and the water retention capacities of the prints using the screen-printing technique. The research results indicate that with the increase in the number of washes, major changes occurred in the reproduced colours compared to the colours of the samples that did not undergo the process of washing. It was determined that, besides the series of washings, the perspiration effects also had an impact on the reproduced colour changes. The impacts were also affrmed of printing and a series of washings on water retention on textile materials.

Keywords: screen-printing, washing process, perspiration effects, print quality, colour reproduction, water retention capacity

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¹Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor

²IOS, d. o. o., Inšitut za okoljevarstvo in senzorje, Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor

Scientific Review

Received 10-2014 • Accepted 02-2015

Corresponding author:

Prof. D.Sc. Aleksandra Lobnik

Tel.: +386 2 220 79 12

E-mail: lobnikaleksandra@gmail.com

 

Abstract

Development of nanomaterials and their use in the textile field is opening new opportunities for products with special functional and technological features; however, there is also expressed concern over the environmental and human health aspects of nanomaterials. This paper discusses the environmental impacts and health risks of nanomaterials commonly used in textiles, e.g. silver nanoparticles (Ag), silica nanoparticles (SiO₂), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), nanoparticles of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), carbon-black nanoparticles, montmorillonite and carbon nanotubes (CNT).

Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomaterials, product life cycle, silver nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, toxicity

 

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¹University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

²Predilnica Litija, Kidričeva 1, SI-1270 Litija

Original Scientific Article

Received 01-2015 • Accepted 02-2015

Corresponding author:

Assis. Prof. D.Sc. Dunja Šajn Gorjanc

E-mail: dunja.sajn@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The research is focused on the influence of the fire resistant modacrylic (MAC) fibres in the ring-spun yarn mixture with cotton (CO) fibres and of the conductive metal fibres (MTF) in the ring-spun yarn mixture with polyester (PES) fibres on the mechanical properties in the region of lower loads. Analysed yarns are intended for the protective clothing production (fire resistant and electrically conductive clothing). The viscoelastic behavior of yarns in the field of lower loads under the specific stress/extension curve which amounts to 5 cN/tex, reaching the weight of 85 g. The results of the research show that the incorporation of MAC fibres in the yarn from the mixture of 55% MAC/45% CO fibres increases the region of elastic deformations (the stress and extension in the yield point), on the other side the MAC fibres in the yarn mixture decrease the elasticity modulus level. The incorporation of MTF (stainless stell) fibres in the yarn mixture consisting of 75% PES/25% MTF decreases the region of elastic deformations (about 10%), however the region of elastic deformations lies very close to the chosen stress value under the specific stress/extension curve – 5 cN/tex or 85 g.

Keywords: modacrylic fibres, metal fibres, ring-spun yarn, mechanical properties, viscoelastic properties

 

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¹The University of Georgia, College of Family and Consumer Science, Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Athens, GA 30602, USA

²Donghua University, College of Textiles, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

³Key Lab of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Original Scientific Article

Received 09-2014 • Accepted 01-2015

Corresponding author:

Xiaosong Liu

Tel.: 00 1 404 86 13681956267

E-mail: xiaosongliu7405@aiyun.com

 

Abstract

Lipase and cutinase enzymes were applied to non-circular cross-sectional polyester fibres. Reflectance and colour changes of the fibres were investigated under specific treatment conditions. The results indicated that lipase L0777 did not affect these fibres, regardless of time of treatment or changes in pH. With cutinase, pits on the surfaces of the fibres occurred when cutinase was applied at 55^oC and pH of 7.00 and 8.50, respectively, for 24 hours. This was demonstrated by reflectance and colour changes, as well as by SEM images. The wide-angled x-ray diffraction (WAXD) curves of the cutinase-treated fabrics were ambiguous in that the small changes may have been the result of heat rather than enzyme treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DCS) results for both untreated and cutinase-treated polyester fibres showed obvious changes. The peak at 250^oC did not change but that at 265^oC increased in area, indicating re-crystallisation.

Keywords: reflectance, colour, lipase, cutinase, polyester fabric

 

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University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Scientific Review

Received 06-2014 • Accepted 01-2015

Corresponding author:

Kristina Šimić, B.Sc.

Tel.: 00 385 148 77 353

E-mail: kristina.simic@ttf.hr

 

Abstract

Cellulases are enzymes that are used for surface modification of cellulosic materials primarily in finishing. It is multi-component enzymatic system which hydrolyzes cellulose chains, on the surface of the fibers, to glucose. With their application in finishing of textiles, surface fibres are removed and surface of treated textiles becomes smooth. The most important application is in the processing of denim providing special effects, without significant fabric loss of strength. As enzymes are effective over mild conditions of pH and temperatures and they are easy biodegradable.

Keywords: enzymes, cellulases, textile fibres, finishing

 

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